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Lebesgue-type estimates for greedy algorithms in quasi-Banach spaces
(Springer Science and Business Media LLC, 2026-08-08)
Berasategui, Miguel
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Berná, Pablo M.
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Chu, Hùng Việt
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García, Andrea
We continue the study of Lebesgue-type parameters for various greedy algorithms in quasi-Banach spaces. First, we introduce a parameter that can be used with the quasi-greedy parameter to obtain the exact growth of the Lebesgue parameter for strong partially greedy bases. Second, we establish a new upper bound for the Lebesgue parameter for semi-greedy bases using the quasi-greedy and the squeeze symmetry parameters. Finally, we answer several open questions regarding the optimal power in various bounds proved in Albiac et al. [4].
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Strength and Conditioning Practices in Competitive and High-Performance Tennis: A Survey-Based Investigation
(Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health), 2026-07-13)
Fernandez-Fernandez, Jaime
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Baiget, Ernest
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Colomar, Joshua
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Santos-Rosa, Francisco Javier
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Fernandez-Fernandez, J, Baiget, E, Colomar, J, Santos-Rosa, FJ, and Sanz-Rivas, D. Strength and conditioning practices in competitive and high-performance tennis: a survey-based investigation. J Strength Cond Res XX(X): 000–000, 2026—The purpose of this study was to describe and benchmark contemporary strength and conditioning (S&C) practices among strength and conditioning coaches (SCCs) working in elite and competitive tennis. Ninety-four SCCs from 19 countries completed an online survey covering background information, planning and periodization, strength and endurance training, speed and plyometrics, flexibility, physical testing, technology use, and programming. Descriptive statistics (frequencies, percentages, median, and interquartile range [IQR]) were used to summarize responses. Coaches were well qualified, with 58.5% (n = 55) holding a master's degree and 22.3% (n = 21) holding a PhD; most had a sport-science–related qualification (88.3%, n = 83), although only 40.4% (n = 38) reported any professional S&C accreditation. Most SCCs described their programs as evidence-informed and 75.5% (n = 71) considered their planning to be training periodization; 95.7% (n = 90) distinguished between off-season, preseason, and in-season phases. Median strength-training frequency was 2 (IQR 2–3), 3 (2–4), and 2 (2–3) sessions·wk−1 in off-season, preseason, and in-season, respectively, whereas endurance training was typically 2 (2–3), 2 (2–3), and 1 (1–2) sessions·wk−1. Almost all coaches used plyometrics (98.9%, n = 93), mainly all year round (85.1%, n = 80). Physical testing was common (92.6%, n = 87), although only 43.6% (n = 41) reported year-round testing. Technology use was widespread (96.8%, n = 91), with heart-rate monitors (73.4%, n = 69), mobile applications (58.5%, n = 55), and velocity-based devices (54.3%, n = 51) the most frequently reported tools. This first tennis-specific survey indicates that SCCs working in elite and competitive tennis are generally well qualified and implement structured, periodized S&C programs with regular strength, endurance, plyometric, and testing practices.
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Relationship Between the Nurse–Patient Ratio and Adverse Events in Conventional Hospitalization Units in a Third‐Level Hospital
(Wiley, 2025-11-19)
Fernández-Sánchez, Juan David
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Ortiz-Diaz, Verónica
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Molina-Alarcón, Milagros
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Lozano-Hernández, Cristina M.
Nurse staffing in hospital inpatient units varies by country and region, highlighting the need for more equitable, evidence-based planning to measure workload based on complexity, thus enabling appropriate staffing in these units. The objective of this study is to determine the relationship between the nurse-to-patient ratio and the incidence of adverse events in adult conventional inpatient units. A descriptive, cross-sectional observational study with an analytical approach was conducted to calculate the relationship between the nurse-to-patient ratio and adverse events in conventional inpatient units at a tertiary care hospital, the Albacete University Hospital Complex (CHUA), from 2018 to 2023, analyzing a total of 113,117 patients. The 24-h median nurse-to-patient ratio was slightly higher in surgical units (11.35) than in medical units (10.79). Spearman's correlation analysis identified significant relationships (rho > 0.4) between the 24-h nurse-to-patient ratio and events such as hospital-acquired pressure injuries (HAPIs), community-acquired pressure injuries, and mortality. However, the multiple linear regression analysis focused on HAPI as the dependent variable, excluding mortality due to its multifactorial nature and community-acquired injuries as they predated admission. The linear regression results showed that for every one-point increase in the 24-h nurse-to-patient ratio, the probability of HAPI increased by 1.94%. Additionally, the probability of HAPI decreased by 2.63% in surgical units compared with medical units. When analyzing the units separately, the relationship was more pronounced in medical units: a one-point increase in the 24-h ratio was associated with a 2.81% increase in the likelihood of HAPI. In surgical units, the 24-h ratio did not show a significant relationship with HAPI, with the patient turnover index being the relevant predictor. The findings confirm that the operational nurse-patient ratios in Spain position the system in a state of room for improvement regarding safety and economic efficiency. The differences observed between medical and surgical units underscore the necessity for staffing policies not to be uniform but rather to become dynamic and contextualized to optimize clinical outcomes and resource management.
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Cross-cultural adaptation and psychometric evaluation of the individual workload perception scale-revised (IWPS-R) in Spanish nurses
(Elsevier BV, 2026-03-03)
Fernández-Sánchez, Juan David
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Pérez-Rodríguez, Inmaculada
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Molina-Alarcón, Milagros
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Redondo-Perez, Natan
Objective: To adapt the Individual Workload Perception Scale-Revised (IWPS-R) into Spanish and evaluate its psychometric properties among nursing professionals. Methods: We performed a cross-cultural adaptation following Beaton's protocol, including translation, back-translation, and expert committee review. A multicenter study was conducted with 305 nurses from two Spanish hospitals. We employed Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) using the robust Diagonally Weighted Least Squares (DWLS) estimator on a polychoric correlation matrix to address the ordinal nature of the data. Results: The final Spanish version (IWPS-R-ES) resulted in 25 items distributed across five factors: Peer Support, Unit Support, Manager Support, Workload, and Intent to Stay. The CFA supported a robust model fit: Comparative Fit Index (CFI) = 0.985, Tucker-Lewis Index (TLI) = 0.982, and Root Mean Square Error of Approximation (RMSEA) = 0.052. Standardized factor loadings exceeding 0.4 confirmed the convergent validity after removing one item with insufficient shared variance. Reliability analysis demonstrated high internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha: 0.81-0.93; McDonald's omega: 0.82-0.94). Correlation patterns supported the discriminant validity, confirming the scale accurately distinguishes between different dimensions of workload perception. Conclusions: The IWPS-R-ES is a valid and reliable 25-item instrument for assessing subjective workload among Spanish-speaking nurses. It provides healthcare managers with a rigorous tool to identify organizational stressors and implement strategies to improve nurse well-being and patient safety.
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Development and validation of a food group system for intake control in people with diabetes: SMARTCLOTH-Database
(Public Library of Science (PLoS), 2026-07-09)
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León-García, Fernando
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Molina-Luque, Rafael
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Villena-Esponera, María Pilar
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Romero-Saldaña, Manuel
This study presents the development and validation of the SMARTCLOTH-Database, a structured food group system designed to support dietary management for individuals with diabetes. The database organises foods into 20 nutritionally coherent groups, distinguishing between raw and cooked forms, based on Spanish dietary patterns and statistical criteria. Nutritional values were calculated using weighted averages derived from national food consumption data and multiple international food composition databases. To validate the system, a computational tool was developed to generate daily menus automatically and compare nutritional outputs against a gold standard reference (BDCA). The comparison showed small mean differences (less than ±22 kcal, < 2 g carbohydrates, < 0.6 g protein, and <1.5 g lipids), with high concordance demonstrated through intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC ≥ 0.75) for carbohydrates and proteins across most analyses. These results indicate that the SMARTCLOTHDatabase provides accurate and reliable estimates of macronutrient content, making it suitable for integration into digital tools aimed at improving dietary self-management in people with diabetes.
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Structural patterns and energy productivity in the EU-27 decarbonization process
(Elsevier BV, 2026-08-06)
Siemens, C.H.
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Guaita-Martinez, J.M.
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Puertas, R.
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Gallego-Martín, L.
Decarbonization is one of the defining challenges of the twenty-first century for the European Union, crucial to ensuring long-term sustainability, competitiveness, and energy security. This study pursues three objectives: (1) to identify homogeneous groups of EU countries according to their energy structure and dynamics; (2) to assess technical efficiency in decarbonization processes; and (3) to analyse the drivers of energy productivity changes within the EU-27 over the period 2015–2023. A multi-method approach is applied, combining Ward.D2 clustering, a non-convex metafrontier, and a sequential Malmquist index to estimate efficiency and productivity, complemented by a Random Forest algorithm to determine structural and technological factors. Results show that technological change has been the main source of convergence, while technical efficiency improvements have been more moderate. Public R&D expenditure in energy, green patents, and tertiary education emerge as the most influential drivers of energy productivity, underscoring the central role of innovation and human capital in modernizing the European energy system. The findings provide policy-relevant insights for designing flexible and targeted strategies to achieve an effective, equitable, and sustained decarbonization pathway across the EU-27.
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Trends in Fentanyl Dispensing in Spain: The Case of Galicia (2019–2025)
(MDPI AG, 2026-06-30)
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Vaamonde Liste, Antonio
In recent years, numerous countries have recorded a steady increase in opioid use. Although prescribing practices vary considerably among them, fentanyl is among the most frequently prescribed strong opioids in several European countries and in Spain. In this study, we analyzed the evolution of outpatient fentanyl dispensing in Galicia, Spain, between January 2019 and December 2025, using the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification/Defined Daily Dose (ATC/DDD) system. We paid particular attention to differences between provinces and explored temporal trends broken down by route of administration (buccal, nasal, sublingual and transdermal). Dispensing data were obtained from the General Sub-directorate of Pharmacy of the Galician Health Service (SERGAS) from the monthly billing database of official prescriptions dispensed in Galician pharmacies and were expressed as defined daily dose per 1000 inhabitants per day (DID). Dispensing rates between provinces were compared using the non-parametric Kruskal–Wallis test, considering a p-value less than 0.05 as statistically significant. We observed an increase in fentanyl use between 2019 and 2021, followed by a systematic decrease during the 2022–2025 period. Significant differences (p < 0.001) were found in the defined daily dose per 1000 inhabitants per day (DID) among the four Galician provinces, and demographic and socioeconomic factors partially explain the observed disparities. Regarding pharmaceutical presentations, transdermal patches were the most frequently used form during the study period. While some limitations should be noted, the results suggest that the observed decrease in fentanyl dispensing in Galicia could be associated with the implementation of the Ministry of Health’s 2021 optimization plan, with a sustained reduction in its dispensing from 2022 onwards. However, it is necessary to maintain pharmacovigilance at the provincial level.
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La sinonimia: de la investigación académica a los libros de texto
(Universidad Distrital Francisco Jose de Caldas, 2025-12-31)
Morales Moreno, José Eduardo
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Cantero-Sandoval, María-Almudena
This study examines the didactic treatment of synonymy in Spanish language and literature textbooks used in compulsory secon-dary education and sixth form in Spain. Using a mixed quantitative and qualitative approach, 44 textbooks published between 2018 and 2024 were analysed to determine the presence and treatment of the main theoretical components of the phenomenon: definition, classification and exemplification. The results show that synonymy is addressed in most of the texts, albeit superficially and with a predominance of loose conceptions focused on similarity of meaning. There was also a lack of linguistic criteria such as commutation, the distinction between signifier and meaning, and connotative elements. These shortcomings reflect a gap be-tween linguistic theory and school practice. It is concluded that the teaching of synonymy requires a more rigorous and integrative approach that articulates theoretical precision with its discursive and pedagogical application.
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Association between hyponatremia and mortality in neurocritical patients with traumatic brain injury: A systematic review and meta-analysis
(Elsevier BV, 2026-05-27)
Zornoza-González, Erika
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Saz-Lara, Alicia
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Cavero-Redondo, Iván
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Valladolid-Ayllón, Sara
Introduction Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major global cause of death and disability. Hyponatremia is a frequent complication in neurocritical patients with TBI and has been associated with adverse clinical outcomes. However, the association between hyponatremia and mortality in patients with TBI remains uncertain and inconsistently reported. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the association between hyponatremia and mortality compared with normonatremia in neurocritical patients with TBI and to estimate the incidence of mortality among patients with hyponatremia. Methods PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science were systematically searched through February 2026, complemented by searches in the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), Clinical Trials registers, and the World Health Organization International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (WHO ICTRP). Observational studies evaluating the association between hyponatremia and mortality in adult patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI) were included. Pooled mortality proportions and pooled risk ratios (RRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using Der Simonian and Laird random-effects models. Subgroup analyses, sensitivity analyses, meta-regressions, and publication bias assessments were also performed. Results Eighteen studies were included in the systematic review and fourteen in the meta-analysis, comprising 6439 adult patients with traumatic brain injury. The overall mortality incidence among patients with hyponatremia was 11% (95% CI: 7–15%). Hyponatremia was not associated with increased mortality compared with normonatremia (RR: 1.06; 95% CI: 0.80–1.39). Subgroup analyses according to study design and timing of sodium assessment showed consistent findings without significant differences. Age, sex, and ICU length of stay did not significantly influence these associations. No significant publication bias was detected. Conclusion Hyponatremia was not associated with increased mortality compared with normonatremia. Early monitoring of serum sodium concentrations may be of clinical interest in neurocritical TBI care, although the prognostic significance of hyponatremia should be interpreted with caution given the heterogeneity and observational nature of the available evidence.
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Truck manufacturers in Europe: collusive businesses and markets, and an approach to estimating economic impact
(Fundacion de Estudios Superiores e Investigacion ESIC, 2026-03-31)
Cobo Ruiz, Sara
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Martin Martin, José María
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Puertas Medina, Rosa
Objective and interest of the work: This research proposes a replicable methodology to quantify the economic impact of cartels, focusing on the European truck manufacturers’ cartel (1997–2011), one of the largest in scope and financial penalties in EU history (€3.8B). The case involves six major medium and heavy truck manufacturers in the European Economic Area, whose coordinated actions caused severe market distortions and significant harm to road freight transport companies.Methodology: Due to the lack of reliable public data on actual truck prices, the study introduces an innovative approach: annual depreciation allowances (ada) as a proxy for medium and heavy truck prices. Data from 30,000 Spanish transport firms (1992–2015) were analysed via fixed-effects regression models accounting for revenue quartiles, macro-economic indicators and the period during which the cartel was active.Results: The cartel resulted in an average price overcharge of 18%. The effect was dispro-portionately higher for smaller companies. Those operating one or two trucks experienced overcharges of up to 27%. These findings highlight the role of firm size and bargaining power in determining the extent of damage caused by collusion.Limitations: The study is limited to the Spanish market and does not rely on direct price observations. Nonetheless, ada offers a robust alternative given the data constraints.Practical implications: This methodological proposal offers policymakers and competition authorities a scalable tool to estimate economic harm in cartelised markets. It provides insight into the distributional effects of anticompetitive practices, especially on smaller firms, and supports proportional sanctioning based on firm-level impact.

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